Who appoints a commissioned officer?

The appointment of a commissioned officer in the Navy is primarily the responsibility of the President of the United States. The President exercises this power as the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces and officially appoints all commissioned officers in the military, which includes the Navy. This process is a formal part of the military structure, ensuring that the appointment of officers aligns with national interests and government oversight.

While the Secretary of the Navy plays a crucial role in the administration of the Navy and the Chief of Naval Operations oversees operational aspects, their roles do not include formally appointing officers. The Senate does have a role in confirming certain appointments, but the initial appointment authority rests exclusively with the President. This hierarchy emphasizes the President's constitutional authority over the military and reflects the separation of powers within the U.S. government.